Das Strohballenhaus
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Bild: Strohballenhaus in I-Kurtatsch
Ein warmer Duft von weichem Holz schlägt mir entgegen, als ich in das Strohballenhaus eintrete. Riesige Glasfronten fluten den Raum mit Tageslicht. Die Wände sind aus Holz, getäfert. In diesen Wänden befindet sich: Gepresstes Stroh.
Im oberen Stockwerk brennt ein Feuer im Cheminee und taucht die Raumatmosphäre in eine friedlich-warme, glitzerig-weich funkelnde Atmosphäre ein, in der man sich gleich geborgen, behütet und zuhause fühlt. „Genial!“, ist mein erster Eindruck. Dieses Raumklima, diese Wärme, die von den Wänden ausstrahlt -- Holz, Stroh, Natur. Es ist mucksmäusschen still, obwohl das Haus relativ nahe an der Strasse steht.
Das hätte ich nicht gedacht. Wie kommt es, dass alle Arschitekten so auf Minergie abgeilen, und ständig nur diese gruusigen, kalten Betonklötze hinstellen; mit teuren, künstlichen Isolationsmaterialien -- wo doch die effizientiste und natürlichste Isolation gleich vom Bauern nebenan zu haben ist?
Ich kannte Strohballenhäuser bislang nicht. Warum kennt das niemand?
Also wenn ich ein Haus bauen würde, es wäre ein Strohballenhaus.
Willkommen bei Strohballenhaus.org
Nachhaltig Bauen mit regionalen, nachwachsenden Rohstoffen? Dazu noch energieeffizient? Stroh macht es möglich. In einem Haus, das zum Großteil aus Stroh und Holz besteht, lebt es sich geborgen und gemütlich.
Warum gerade Stroh als Dämmmaterial verwenden?
Strohballen können meist regional direkt von Bauern bezogen werden. So weiß man wo das verwendete Dämmmaterial entstanden ist und kann ihm sogar vorher beim Wachsen zusehen. Die Halme der Getreidepflanzen entstehen als Nebenprodukt der Landwirtschaft und wachsen jährlich innerhalb weniger Monate nach. Überhaupt ist Baustroh einer der wenigen Baustoffe, wenn nicht sogar der einzige Baustoff, der dezentral von mehreren Herstellern bezogen werden kann.
Gepresstes Stroh hat ausgezeichnete Werte bei Wärmespeicherung und Schallschutz. Es gibt Strohballenhäuser, bei denen wegen der sonnigen Lage und hervorragenden Dämmung keine klassische Heizungsanlage benötigt wird. Diese Häuser besitzen nur eine Notheizung für sehr kaltes Wetter (z.B. Holzofen).
Strohballen sind mit einer verputzten Lehm- oder Kalkschicht sehr feuerbeständig.
Die Entsorgung von Stroh ist denkbar einfach und im Gegensatz zu so manch anderen Dämmstoffen kann die Natur die Strohhalme innerhalb kürzester Zeit zersetzen.
Wie viel kostet ein Strohballenhaus?
Die gute Nachricht zuerst, nachhaltiges Bauen braucht nicht immer teurer zu sein. Erfahrungen haben gezeigt, dass Strohballenhäuser sogar ca. 5-10% günstiger sein können, als vergleichbare Häuser mit anderen Bauweisen. Stroh kann meist regional zu einem Bruchteil Kosten gekauft werden, die man sonst für andere Dämmstoffe ausgibt. Diese enormen Einsparungen verringern sich dann wieder etwas durch die aufwändigere Verarbeitung und dem Preis für den Lehm.
Gibt es mit diesem Material nicht Probleme mit Mäusen oder Insekten?
Eine Scheune mit Stroh, Mäusen und vielleicht noch einer Eule, das gehört doch alles zusammen. Also hat man mit dem Strohballenhaus dann nicht „lebende“ Wände? Zuerst einmal ist es beim Strohballenhaus so, dass das Stroh komplett verputzt und teilweise auch der Zugang der durch Drahtnetze hinter dem Putz erschwert wird. Zum anderen hält sich die Maus weniger wegen der wärmenden Eigenschaften in der Scheune auf, sondern vielmehr wegen der Getreidekörner, die auf den Boden fallen. In den Wänden des Strohballenhauses wird die Maus aber wegen der immer besser werdenden Ernte-Techniken kaum Futter finden.
Außerdem werden die Strohballen beim Pressen sehr stark verdichtet, weshalb sich die Maus nicht ohne weiteres durch das Stroh arbeiten kann. Zwischenräume können beim Bau theoretisch entstehen, lassen sich aber durch sorgfältige Arbeit weitgehend vermeiden.
Brennt Stroh nicht sehr leicht? Erfüllt es die Brandschutzvorgaben?
Strohballen wurden schon öfters auf Feuerbeständigkeit getestet und es hat sich gezeigt, dass verdichtetes Stroh in Verbindung mit der Lehmschicht dem Feuer und großer Hitze sehr lange trotzen kann.
Strohballenhäuser mit einer fünf Zentimeter dicken Lehmschicht erfüllen die Brandschutzklasse F90. Dies bedeutet, dass so eine Wand 90 Minuten einem Feuer widersteht. Das folgende Video zeigt, wie so ein Brandschutztest durchgeführt wird:
Wie lange halten Strohballenhäuser?
Ein gut gebautes Strohballenhaus braucht sich nicht zu verstecken – das Haus Burke in Nebraska gibt es zum Beispiel bereits seit 1903. Das älteste europäische Haus mit Holzständerbauweise und Strohballen wurde in Frankreich im Jahre 1921 fertig gestellt.
