Puppenspiele

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Ich habe ein neues Spielzeug: Puppet.

Puppet, an automated administrative engine for your *nix systems, performs administrative tasks (such as adding users, installing packages, and updating server configurations) based on a centralized specification.

Wie oft musste ich Server einrichten, Apaches konfigurieren und dergleichen. Nach dem x-ten mal kommt zwar eine gewisse Routine auf. Aber dann ändert etwas; einem Apache muss ein Varnish-Cache vornedran gestellt werden – hmm. Was muss ich jetzt schon wieder alles anpassen? Ports der VirtualHosts, der Listen Port… Ganz gewiss geht was vergessen, und erst nach dem 3. mal Dienste neustarten und ausprobieren funktioniert alles.

Das ist jetzt Vergangenheit.

Introducing: Puppet – ein zentrales Konfigurationsmanagement-Werkzeug.

Ich definiere 1x eine gute Konfiguration; einen gewünschten Endzustand. Und kann das dann auf beliebig viele Server anwenden.

Möchtest Du mal schauen, wie geil wir zukünftig Server konfigurieren?

Hier eine Definition eines Nodes:

Auf der Kommandozeile gebe ich folgendes ein:

puppetd --test

Und jetzt geht’s ab.
Puppet stellt sicher, dass Apache, PHP und MySQL installiert sind, erstellt die nötigen Webverzeichnisse und setzt das MySQL-Passwort. Das ist natürlich alles definiert, und zwar in Modulen. Mehr dazu in 3 Minuten.

Jetzt möchte ich etwas anpassen. Ich will einen zusätzlichen Vhost-Eintrag, „about.namics.com“. Dann soll das ganze mit Varnish gecached werden.

Neue Konfiguration:

Puppet erstellt den neuen Vhost-Eintrag, die dazugehörigen Verzeichnisse, passt die Apachekonfiguration für den Varnish an und startet am Schluss alle betroffenen Dienste neu:

Kommandozeilenpornografie.

Was genau wie konfiguriert sein muss und wie die Abhängigkeiten sind, wird in Modulen definiert.

Hier das Modul Apache (Teilauszug):

Das bedeutet: Wenn das Modul in einem Node verwendet wird (include apache), dann muss httpd installiert sein (ensure => installed), der Service httpd muss laufen (ensure => running), braucht aber vorher das Paket httpd (require => Package[„httpd“]) und die httpd.conf wird aus einem Template erstellt. Wenn sich dort was ändert, wird der Dienst httpd neu gestartet (notify => Service[„httpd“]).

Ah, Templates.

Puppet ist in Ruby geschrieben und verwendet als Template-Sprache erb. Hier ein Auszug aus dem httpd.conf Template:

Heisst:

Für jeden Vhosts bitte einen VirtualHost-Eintrag erstellen. Falls Varnish benutzt wird, auf Port 8080 lauschen, sonst auf Port 80.
Der Rest ist selbsterklärend.

Prima einsetzen kann man Puppet auch als Sicherheitsgarantiersicherstellungsprogramm. Also. Ich habe eine Typo3-Installation. Böse Spammer aus China suchen nach Schwachstellen.

Ich definiere, was wie abgesichert werden muss:

ENABLE_INSTALL_TOOL darf nicht vorhanden sein. Die localconf.php darf nicht schreibbar sein. Das gesamte Verzeichnis (recurse => true) unter /typo3conf/ext ebensowenig.

Wenn irgendwas faul ist, merkt das Puppet und korrigiert die Abweichungen gleich:

Das wunderbare daran: Ich kann diese Module für jeden Server verwenden. Ein neues Verzeichnis muss abgesichert werden? Kein Problem. 1x definieren, auf allen Servern aktiviert.

Voll Laser!