Linux Cheatsheet
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line 1384 Warning: preg_match(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/httpd/vhosts/scratchbook.ch/httpdocs/wp-content/plugins/lightbox-plus/classes/shd.class.php on line 1384 Warning: preg_match(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/httpd/vhosts/scratchbook.ch/httpdocs/wp-content/plugins/lightbox-plus/classes/shd.class.php on line 1384 Warning: preg_match(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/httpd/vhosts/scratchbook.ch/httpdocs/wp-content/plugins/lightbox-plus/classes/shd.class.php on line 1384 Warning: preg_match(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/httpd/vhosts/scratchbook.ch/httpdocs/wp-content/plugins/lightbox-plus/classes/shd.class.php on line 1384 Warning: preg_match(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in 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offset 4 in /home/httpd/vhosts/scratchbook.ch/httpdocs/wp-content/plugins/lightbox-plus/classes/shd.class.php on line 1384 Warning: preg_match(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/httpd/vhosts/scratchbook.ch/httpdocs/wp-content/plugins/lightbox-plus/classes/shd.class.php on line 1384 Warning: preg_match(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/httpd/vhosts/scratchbook.ch/httpdocs/wp-content/plugins/lightbox-plus/classes/shd.class.php on line 1384 Warning: preg_match(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/httpd/vhosts/scratchbook.ch/httpdocs/wp-content/plugins/lightbox-plus/classes/shd.class.php on line 1384 Warning: preg_match(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/httpd/vhosts/scratchbook.ch/httpdocs/wp-content/plugins/lightbox-plus/classes/shd.class.php on line 1384 Warning: preg_match(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character 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character class at offset 4 in /home/httpd/vhosts/scratchbook.ch/httpdocs/wp-content/plugins/lightbox-plus/classes/shd.class.php on line 1384 Warning: preg_match(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/httpd/vhosts/scratchbook.ch/httpdocs/wp-content/plugins/lightbox-plus/classes/shd.class.php on line 1384 Warning: preg_match(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/httpd/vhosts/scratchbook.ch/httpdocs/wp-content/plugins/lightbox-plus/classes/shd.class.php on line 1384 Warning: preg_match(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/httpd/vhosts/scratchbook.ch/httpdocs/wp-content/plugins/lightbox-plus/classes/shd.class.php on line 1384 Warning: preg_match(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/httpd/vhosts/scratchbook.ch/httpdocs/wp-content/plugins/lightbox-plus/classes/shd.class.php on line 1384 Warning: preg_match(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/httpd/vhosts/scratchbook.ch/httpdocs/wp-content/plugins/lightbox-plus/classes/shd.class.php on line 1384 Warning: preg_match(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/httpd/vhosts/scratchbook.ch/httpdocs/wp-content/plugins/lightbox-plus/classes/shd.class.php on line 1384 Warning: preg_match(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/httpd/vhosts/scratchbook.ch/httpdocs/wp-content/plugins/lightbox-plus/classes/shd.class.php on line 1384 Warning: preg_match(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/httpd/vhosts/scratchbook.ch/httpdocs/wp-content/plugins/lightbox-plus/classes/shd.class.php on line 1384 Warning: preg_match(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/httpd/vhosts/scratchbook.ch/httpdocs/wp-content/plugins/lightbox-plus/classes/shd.class.php on line 1384 Warning: preg_match(): Compilation 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Und hier eine kleine Liste mit den wichtigsten Befehlen unter Linux:
cat: Dump the contents of a file to the screen. eg: ‚cat ./foo‘
cd Change to another directory. eg: ‚cd /bin‘
chmod Change a file’s permissions. eg: ‚chmod +r ./foo‘
chown Change a file’s owner/group. eg: ‚chown philipl.users ./foo‘
cp Copy a file to a new name/location. eg: ‚cp ./foo /tmp/bar‘
grep Look for text in files. eg: grep „He’s dead jim“ *.txt“
gzip/gunzip Compress/Uncompress a file. eg: „gzip foo“
head/tail Dump the first/last few lines of a file. eg: ‚tail ./foo‘
locate Find files by name. eg: ‚locate ssh‘
ls Display the contents of a directory. eg: ‚ls /bin‘
mkdir Make a directory. eg: ‚mkdir bar‘
mv move a file to a new name/location. eg: ‚mv ./foo /tmp/bar‘
pwd Print the current directory to the screen. eg: ‚pwd‘
shutdown Shutdown/reboot the computer. eg: ’shutdown -r now‘
su Change to another user temporarily. eg: ’su root‘
tar Archive directories and their contents. eg: ‚tar cf /tmp tmp.tar‘
rm Remove (delete) a file. eg: ‚rm ./foo‘
Getting Help
man Read the manual page for a command. eg: ‚man ls‘
apropos Read the one line summary for a command. eg: ‚apropos ls‘
Basic vi commands
i Change to insert mode (so you can type)
Change to command mode (don’t try and type)
:w Save the file being edited (command mode only)
:q Quit (command mode only)
:q! Get me out of here now! (ignore unsaved work)
h/j/k/l Navigation keys if your arrows break (command mode only)
(Try pressing scroll-lock first to try and make arrows work)
The basic parts of the filesystem
/bin Basic programs
/boot Bootloader files
/dev Device nodes for hardware and other non-file resources
/etc Configuration files
/home Where everyone’s home directory lives
/lib Base system libraries
/lost+found When your filesystem breaks, the pieces go here.
/mnt Place to attach other filesystems (usually removable media)
/opt Optional packages (usually just KDE)
/proc Virtual filesystem for communication with the kernel
/root Root’s home directory (root is special)
/sbin Basic programs that are usually only useful for root
/tmp Temporary file storage area
/usr ‚User‘ files. Most stuff goes here. Programs in /usr/bin, libraries
in /usr/lib, program resources in /usr/share, etc.
/var System and program state storage
Compiling programs from source (very general case)
Unpack the source archive: tar zxf foo-1.0.tar.gz
Go to source directory: cd foo-1.0
Read README, INSTALL and output of ./configure –help
Run configure: ./configure (if it fails, identify the error and try to correct it). The most
common error will be a missing program/library that is required for foo to work.
Make the program: make
Install the program: make install (This step usually has to be run as root, unless
installation is to the user’s home directory)
Recompiling your kernel (very high level. Read up on this!)
Goto the kernel source directory: cd /usr/src/linux
Configure the kernel to your liking: make xconfig / make menuconfig
Build the kernel: make bzImage
Build the kernel modules: make modules
Install the kernel modules: make modules_install
Install the kernel: Very distribution dependent. The kernel itself is arch/i386/boot/bzImage
(unless you’re on non-intel hardware) and should be copied to wherever your current
kernel lives (usually / or /boot).
Update your bootloader to use the new kernel. For lilo, edit /etc/lilo.conf
Cool Programs to investigate (Character based/Command Line/Graphical)
ssh/sftp/scp: Secure remote access and file transfer
mozilla: Comprehensive web browsing and email handling package
ncftp: FTP isn’t secure, but ncftp does it the best
evolution: Specialised enterprise-capable email program
traceroute: Find out what’s between you and another system
galeon: The best web browser around! 🙂 (Trust us, Phil knows best)
lynx/links: Text-mode web browsing
gedit; Simple but extensible text editor
naim: Text mode instant- messaging
gaim: Slick multi-protocol instant messanger
emacs: If it can’t do it, you’ve run out of hd space
OpenOffice.org: Fully featured office suite. Word-processing/Spreadsheets/Presentations
nano/pico: Simple user friendly text editor. Shock!
Abiword/Gnumeric: Standalone word-processor and spreadsheet programs.
gcc/gdb: Compile and debug code
xmms: Plugin based media player
Übersichtlicher kann man das fast nicht darstellen. Da ist wirklich alles drin, was man so braucht. Das ganze 1. Lehrjahr sozusagen 😉
