Liftwurf: CoreOS
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Wenn man Docker kennt, braucht man eigentlich keine anderen Serverdienste mehr.
apt-get install docker-ce ist alles, was ich bei einem neuen Server noch installiere.
Der Rest sind Container und Portweiterleitungen auf ebendiese.
Nun – gibt es eigentlich ein minimales OS, welches nur noch Container laufen lässt?
Sozusagen ein Kernbetriebssystem, welches Container startet?
Sowas gibt es. Darf ich vorstellen:
CoreOS
- Basierend auf Gentoo
- Minimales Betriebssystem
- Kernel und Containerwerkzeuge
- Minimale Angriffsoberfläche
- SELinux hält schützend seine Schwingen über die einzelnen Container
- In den Containern selber kann ich machen, was ich will
- Automatische Betriebssystemupdates inkl. Kernel
A-B Partitionsschema
- CoreOS hat ein A-B Partitionsschema
- /usr ist schreibgeschützt eingehängt und jeweils Partition A oder B
- Firmwareupgrade: Partition A ist aktiv, ich schreibe das Image bitgenau auf die B-Partition
- Bei Erfolg wird B aktiviert und beim nächsten Boot von B gestartet
- Falls etwas schiefging, wird wieder A aktiviert, als ob nichts passiert wäre
- Stecker ziehen während einem Firmwareupdate? Kein Problem.
- /usr löschen? Ist schreibgeschützt…
- / ist auf eigener Partition eingehängt
- Betriebssystem zurücksetzen? rm -rf –no-preserve-root /
Kernelaktualisierung ohne Unterbruch
- Mehrere CoreOS-Rechner im Verbund
- etcd ist ein distributed key value store
- Ein Rechner meldet an etcd: „Ich mache jetzt dann gleich einen Neustart“
- Die anderen Rechner sind informiert und warten. Rechner kommt wieder hoch: „Ich bin fertig.“
- Der nächste Rechner startet neu
- Niemand bemerkt einen Unterbruch von aussen
CoreOS-Image selber bauen
curl -L -o cork https://github.com/coreos/mantle/releases/download/v0.11.1/cork-0.11.1-amd64 chmod +x cork && mv cork /usr/local/bin/ mkdir coreos-sdk cd coreos-sdk cork create cork enter ./setup_board --default --board=amd64-usr ./build_packages ./build_image |
Fertig.
Dein Image liegt hier: ./coreos-sdk/src/build/images/amd64-usr/developer-latest/coreos_production_image.bin
Image für eine Installation vorkonfigurieren
- Netzwerkboot vom Grundimage, Anpassungen mit einer JSON-Konfigurationsdatei: ignition.json
- Dort kannst du SSH-Keys, Benutzeraccounts, Passwörter, Systemd-Units und ganze Dateien definieren
- Die werden nach der Imageinstallation geschrieben
