Nichts zu verbergen?

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Amsterdam gilt seit jeher als Musterbeispiel gelungener Stadtplanung. Bereits 1851 begann die Stadt, systematisch Daten der Bevölkerung zu erheben, um optimal ihre Ressourcen zu verteilen. Fürs „Bevölkingsregister“ gaben die Einwohner bereitwillig Beziehungsstatus, Beruf und Religionszugehörigkeit an. 1936 stieg man sogar auf die Datenerfassung mit einem hochmodernen Lochkartensystem um. 1939 aktualisierte eine Volkszählung das Stadtregister nochmals.

Im Mai 1940 rissen die einmarschierten deutschen Besatzer das Register an sich und ermittelten anhand dieses Datenschatzes in wenigen Tagen fast alle jüdischen Einwohner. Ein Großteil der rund 100 000 Amsterdamer Juden wurde ins Vernichtungslager Auschwitz deportiert. Von einem Tag auf den anderen entschied ein Marker im Big-Data-Pool über Leben und Tod. Zuvor hatte 90 Jahre lang niemand etwas zu verbergen gehabt – schließlich diente die Erfassung ja dem Wohl aller.